Polyethylene terephthalate waste derived nanomaterials (WDNMs) and its utilization in electrochemical devices.

Plastics are a vital component of our daily lives in the contemporary globalization period; they are present in all facets of modern life. Because the bulk of synthetic plastics utilized in the market are non-biodegradable by nature, the issues associated with their contamination are unavoidable in an era dominated by polymers. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is extensively used in industries such as automotive, packaging, textile, food, and beverages production represents a major share of these non-biodegradable polymer productions. Given its extensive application across various sectors, PET usage results in a considerable amount of post-consumer waste, majority of which require disposal after a certain period. However, the recycling of polymeric waste materials has emerged as a prominent topic in research, driven by growing environmental consciousness. Numerous studies indicate that products derived from polymeric waste can be converted into a new polymeric resource in diverse sectors, including organic coatings and regenerative medicine. This review aims to consolidate significant scientific literatures on the recycling PET waste for electrochemical device applications. It also highlights the current challenges in scaling up these processes for industrial application.

Recent Advances of carbon Pathways for Sustainable Environment development.

Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging type of carbon nanomaterial with strong biocompatibility, distinct chemical and physical properties, and low toxicity. CDs may emit fluorescence in the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) range, which renders them beneficial for biomedical applications. CDs are usually made from carbon precursors and can be synthesized using top-down and bottom-up methods and it can be easily functionalized using different methods. For specific cases of biomedical applications carbon dot functionalization augments the materials' characteristics. Novel functionalization techniques are still being investigated. This review will look at the benefits of functionalization to attain a high yield and various biological applications. Biomedical applications such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antiviral and antibacterial properties will be covered in this review. The future applications of green synthesized carbon dots will be determined in part by this review.

Multifunctional natural derived carbon quantum dots from Withania somnifera (L.) - Antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviron.

Natural carbon dots (NCQDs) are expediently significant in the photo-, nano- and biomedical spheres owing to their facile synthesis, optical and physicochemical attributes. In the present study, three NCQDs are prepared and optimized from Withania somnifera (ASH) by one-step hydrothermal (bottom-up) method: HASHP (without dopant), nitrogen doped HASHNH3 (surface passivation using ammonia) and HASHEDA (surface passivation with ethylenediamine). The HR-TEM images reveal that HASHP, HASNH3, HASHEDA are spherically shaped with 2.5 ± 0.5 nm, 4 ± 1 nm and 5 ± 2 nm particle size, respectively, whereas FTIR confirms the aqueous solubility and nitrogen doping. The XRD patterns ensure that the NCQDs are amorphous and graphitic in nature. Comparatively, HASHNH3 (32.5%) and HASHEDA (27.6%) portray better fluorescence quantum yield than HASHP (5.6%). The increase in quantum yield for the doped NCQDs can be attributed to the surface passivation using ammonia and ethylenediamine. Surface passivation plays a crucial role in enhancing the fluorescence properties of quantum dots. The introduction of nitrogen through ammonia and ethylenediamine provides additional electronic states, possibly reducing non-radiative recombination sites and hence boosting the QY. In addition, an antiviral study unveils the striking potential of surface passivated NCQDs to curb Covid-19 crises with around 85% inhibition of SARS-CoV pseudoviron cells, which is better in comparison to the non-doped NCQDs. Hence, to understand the paramount efficacy of these NCQDs, a hypothesis on their possible mechanism of action against Covid-19 is discussed.

Sustainable preparation of luminescent carbon dots from syringe waste and hyaluronic acid for cellular imaging and antimicrobial applications.

Addressing the global challenge of persistent waste through an eco-conscious strategy to transform it into valuable and versatile materials holds great significance in today's swiftly evolving world. By adopting a sustainable approach, we can repurpose waste syringes composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) using a simple hydrothermal process. This research harnessed hyaluronic acid to carbonize and modify discarded plastic syringes, resulting in the creation of luminescent syringe carbon dots (SCDs). Rigorous analysis employing diverse techniques delved into their optical attributes, size distribution, and surface characteristics. Extensive biocompatibility assessments using established assay methods confirmed the safety of the derived SCDs, unveiling their potential antibacterial and antifungal traits. Additionally, a confocal microscope was employed to evaluate the cellular imaging capabilities of SCDs on HeLa cells. Notably, at bactericidal concentrations, SCDs exhibited mild cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells, showcasing cell viability surpassing 91.07% at 1 mg/mL. This pioneering exploration paves the way for potential applications of SCD-based nano-bactericides across various biomedical domains. The initial outcomes established herein mark a significant stride towards the creation of cost-effective and ecologically sound fluorescent probes for biomedical imaging, aimed at combating microbial infections. By ingeniously reutilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET), this investigation offers a sustainable remedy to address the ecological predicaments linked with plastic waste. In doing so, it charts a course towards contributing to the development of affordable, eco-friendly solutions, heralding a promising prospect for a cleaner, healthier environment.

Waste plastics derived nickel-palladium alloy filled carbon nanotubes for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composed of bimetallic nickel-palladium (NiPd) nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic carbon shells (NdPd@CNT) are prepared by the chemical vapour deposition method using waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic carbon sources and NiPd-decorated carbon sheets (NiPd@C) catalyst. The characterization results reveal that the face-centered cubic crystalline (fcc)-structured NiPd bimetallic alloy nanoparticles are encased by thin carbon nanotubes. The bimetallic synergism of NiPd nanoparticles actuates the outer CNT layers and accelerates the electrical conductivity, stimulating the electrochemical activity toward an effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By virtue of the collective individualities of highly conductive aligned carbon walls and bimetallic active sites, the NiPd@CNT-equipped HER delivers a minimum overpotential of 87 mV and a Tafel slope value of 95 mV dec-1. The existing intact contact between NiPd and CNT facilitates continuous electron and ion transportation and firm stability toward long-term hydrogen production in HER. Notably, the NiPd@CNT reported here produces excellent electrochemical activity with minimal charge transference resistance, substantiating the efficacy of NiPd@CNT for futuristic green hydrogen production.

Ziziphus mauritiana-derived nitrogen-doped biogenic carbon dots: Eco-friendly catalysts for dye degradation and antibacterial applications.

In this study, the naturally available Ziziphus Mauritiana was used as a bioresource for the preparation of bifunctional nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs). The doping of nitrogen into the graphitic carbon skeleton and the in-situ formation of N-CDs were systematically identified by the various structural and morphological studies. The green fluorescent N-CDs were used as active catalysts for the removal of Safranin-O dye and achieved 79 % removal efficiency. Furthermore, the prepared N-CDs were used to evaluate antibacterial activity with four different bacterial species, such as Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Amongst these, the highest antimicrobial activity was achieved against Klebsiella pneumonia, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 14.6 ± 1.12 at a concentration of 100 g mL-1. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the cost efficient bifunctional application prospects of N-CDs to achieve significant catalytic and antibacterial activities.